ALBINISM

Indwara ya Albinism ni iki?

Ni indwara y'uruhu (disorder) umuntu avukana irangwa no kubura pigment yitwa melanine  itanga ibara ry'uruhu iba yabuze mu mubiri cyane ku ruhu,umusatsi n'amaso.Aba bakunze kwitwa ba Nyamweru bakunze kubangamirwa n'imirasire y'izuba kdi bishobora kumutera indwara ya kanseri y'uruhu.

Ibimenyetso byayo

Ibimenyetso biba bigaragara n'amaso cyane uruhu ruba rwera cg rusa n'ikigina kdi bakunze kugaragaza utubara (pigmentations) ku ruhu,umusatsi usa n'umweru cg ikigina gusa abanyafurika n'abanya aziya bafite ubu bumuga bw'uruhu bakunze kugira umusatsi ufite ibara ry'umuhondo  ndetse n'amaso ya ba nyamweru aba asa n'ubururu burabagirana cg ikigina

Iyo umuntu ubana n'ubu bumuga bw'uruhu arebye,ahumbya vuba kdi ntaruhare abigiramo (nystagmus),ntashobora kureba muri direction imwe (strabismus),akunda kubangamirwa n'urumuri (photophobia).

Ese kuba nyamweru biterwa n'iki?

Ituruka ku ihinduranya (mutation) y'imwe mu turemangingo fatizo (genes) aho utwo turemangingo ari natwo dutanga ya pigment ya melanin,iyi melanin kdi ikorwa n'uturemangingo twitwa melanocytes dukunda kuba ku ruhu no mumaso

Tugendeye ku isomo ryigisha uruhererekane rw'ibinyabizima (genetic),muri chromosomes zitangwa n'ababyeyi bombi haba harimo twa turemangingo fatizo dutera kuba nyamweru,aho 50% by'abana babyara baba bafite utwo turemangingo dutera kuba nyamweru (carrier genes) ariko ntibagaragaza ubwo bumuga bw'uruhu,mugihe 25% by'abana babo baba nyamweru nanone 25% bakaba bazima.

Amoko ya ba nyamweru

1.oculocutaneous albinism: Iyi iterwa n'ihinduka rya kamwe muri twa turemangingo fatizo tune,abafite ubu bwoko bagira amaso yerurutse nk'amata,umusatsi werurutse n'amaso y'ubururu gusa iyo babyiruka hari melanin nke zikorwa.

2.X-linked ocular albinism: Iyi iterwa na mutation ituruka kuri chromosome X itangwa n'abagabo,aba bakunda kugira ikibazo cyo kureba ariko ibindi bice bikagira ibara rizima.

3.Hermansky-pudlak syndrome: iyi ntikunze kuboneka gusa iterwa na mutation y'imwe muri za genes 8 zihera.gusa baba bafite ibyago byo kurwara ibihaha cg kuva amaraso (bleeding).

4.Chediak-Higashi syndrome: Iyi nayo ntikunda kuboneka gusa iterwa na mutation ya LYST gene,abayifite bagira ikibazo mu turemangingo dushinzwe kurinda umubiri (white blood cells) bikaba byabateza ingaruka zo kwandura byoroshye indwara ziterwa n'udukoko.

Inama ugirwa igihe ufite umwe mumuryango wawe ubana n'ubu bumuga

Uba ugomba kumuba hafi,ukamusobanurira impamvu ibara rye ridasa n'ayabandi bana,murinde kwigunga kdi umushishikarize kubana na bagenzi be,ugomba kumufata nk'abandi bana kuko ntacyo atashobora,igihe ubonye izindi mpinduka ku ruhu,amaso n'ahandi,ihutire kumujyana kwa muganga.